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This is a timeline of notable events in the history of non-heterosexual conforming people of South Asian ancestry, who may identify as LGBTIQGNC (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, third gender, gender nonconforming), men who have sex with men, or related culturally-specific identities such as Hijra, Aravani, Thirunangaigal, Khwajasara, Kothi, Thirunambigal, Jogappa, Jogatha, or Shiva Shakti.〔(Round Table India article: Letter by trans men to the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment )〕〔("Violence: Through the Lens of Lesbians, Bisexual Women, and Trans People in Asia" ) - Pakistan. IGLHRC, 2014.〕 The recorded history traces back at least two millennia. This timeline includes events both in South Asia and in the global South Asian diaspora, as the histories are very deeply linked. South Asia includes the modern day nations of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka; in some references, the South Asian subcontinent will also include Afghanistan, Burma (Myanmar), and Tibet. The South Asian diaspora includes, but is not limited to South Asian LGBTQ communities in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Caribbean Islands, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere. ==Early History== 400 BCE - 200 BCE * Vatsyayana's ''The Kama Sutra'' devotes an entire chapter to homosexuality with explicit detailed instructions on how to perform homosexual acts. 3rd century BC to c. 4th century AD * Tamil Sangam literature refers to relationships between two men and explores the lives of trans women in the A ravan cult in Koovagam village in Tamil Nadu. 1015 * Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, who was the first Muslim ruler of the Indian subcontinent, has a relationship with his slave Malik Ayaz. This relationship has become an Islamic legend and Mahmud later appointed Malik Ayaz as the sultan of Lahore. ~1529 * Emperor Babur's memoirs, the ''Baburnama,'' include a recollection of his erotic love for a teenage boy.〔 1538 * Shah Hussain, a Punjabi Sufi poet regarded as a saint, was in love with a Brahmin boy called "Madho" or "Madho Lal". They are often referred to as a single person with the composite name "Madho Lal Hussain". 1740s * Dargah Quli Khan's personal diary ''Muraqqa-e-Delhi: The Mughal Capital in Muhammad Shah's Time'' "briefly documents his foray into the pederastic circles of Islamic Delhi."〔 1750-1830 * Emergence of Rekhti chapti-namahs, or female same-sex narratives, in Urdu poetry. 1861 * Anti-sodomy section of Offences against the Person Act 1861 imposed on entire British Empire, that says "Whosoever shall be convicted of the abominable Crime of Buggery, committed either with Mankind or with any Animal, shall be liable, at the Discretion of the Court, to be kept in Penal Servitude for Life or for any Term not less than Ten Years." This section is credited with giving birth to the controversial Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. 1871 * Hijras labeled a "criminal tribe" under the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, meaning they could be arrested as criminals anywhere in British India. 1918 * Earliest known records of South Asian MSM in North America, as Tara Singh and Jamil Singh are separately arrested for interracial sodomy in Sacramento, CA. 1922 * ''Poems Written in Prison'' by Gopabandhu Das, a freedom fighter and Gandhian, is published. At least two poems address male friends and co-workers, and the author describes these relationships in terms that are intense and erotically charged though not overtly sexual. These poems are sometimes included in Odia language literature textbooks.〔(Saathii Indian LGBT Movement page )〕 1924 * "Chocolate", a short story in Hindi written by nationalist and social reformer Pandey Bechan Sharma (under the penname Ugra), is published in the nationalist newspaper ''Matvala''. Ugra's crusade against male-to-male sex sparks debate in Hindi newspapers and magazines, resulting in perhaps the first public debate in Hindi on homosexuality.〔 1929 * Mahatma Gandhi speaks out against same-sex relations in a ''Young India'' letter, in response to queries on "unnatural vices" in schools.〔 1936 * Urdu poet Firaq Gorakhpuri writes an essay defending the Ghazal form of poetry that includes a defence of homosexuality, citing renowned philosophers, poets and other luminaries across the East and the West who were homosexual or had expressed homosexual desire in well-known works.〔 1942 * Ismat Chugtai's short story "Lihaaf" is published. 1944 * Ismat Chughtai faces obscenity trial for Lihaaf. 1945 * Ismat Chughtai publishes her semi-autobiographical ''Tehri Lakeer'' ("The Crooked Line"), an Urdu novel that does not shy away from sexuality and depiction of same-sex attraction.〔 1962 * Rajendra Yadav, a leading Hindi novelist, publishes his story "Prateeksha" ("Waiting") that depicts a homosexual relation between two women without censure and in detail.〔 1968 * Bhupen Khakhar, a painter and writer of Gujarati fiction, as one of the few openly homosexual luminaries, writes an untitled story depicting bisexuality in a quotidian, lower middle-class context.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of South Asian and diasporic LGBT history」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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